Coronary heart disease: a non-communicable disease Flashcards – AQA GCSE Biology - Foundation (8461)

What is the purpose of a heart transplant in heart failure?

To replace a heart that can no longer pump effectively and restore effective circulation.

When might a heart and lungs be transplanted together?

When both the heart and lungs need replacement.

What are two general limitations of heart transplantation?

Suitable donor organs are limited, and the operation carries risks.

Why are immunosuppressant drugs needed after a heart transplant?

To prevent the recipient’s immune system from rejecting the donor tissue.

How do immunosuppressant drugs affect infection risk after a heart transplant?

They increase susceptibility to infection.

What is a coronary stent, and what does it do?

A small mesh tube inserted into a narrowed coronary artery to hold it open and improve blood flow to the heart muscle.

How quickly can a coronary stent restore blood flow?

Relatively quickly.

How long may a coronary stent remain effective?

For a long time.

What clotting risk is associated with coronary stent insertion?

Blood clots may form around the stent.

Why might medication be needed after coronary stent insertion?

To reduce clotting.

What are the two types of replacement heart valve?

Biological and mechanical valves.

Why might a faulty heart valve be replaced?

To improve blood flow through the heart.

How does the durability of biological and mechanical heart valves compare?

Biological valves generally do not last as long and may need replacing; mechanical valves are more durable.

Do biological heart valves usually require lifelong anticlotting medication because of the valve?

No, not usually.

Why is long-term anticoagulant medication generally needed with a mechanical heart valve?

Blood can clot on the valve.

What general risk is associated with heart valve replacement?

The risks associated with an operation.

What is the normal function of heart valves?

They ensure that blood flows in one direction through the heart.

How does a heart valve that does not open fully affect blood flow?

It restricts forward blood flow.

How does a leaking heart valve affect blood flow?

It allows some blood to flow backwards when the valve should be closed.

How can a faulty heart valve affect circulation?

It can reduce the effectiveness of circulation.

How can a faulty heart valve affect the heart's workload?

It can make the heart work harder to pump blood.