Ionic bonding Flashcards – AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) — Chemistry — Foundation

What does a dot and cross diagram show about the formation of an ionic compound?

How electrons are transferred between atoms.

Why are different symbols used for electrons in an ionic dot and cross diagram?

To show which electrons originally came from each atom.

How are the ions shown after electron transfer in an ionic dot and cross diagram?

Each ion is shown in brackets with its charge and completed outer shell.

What electron transfer occurs when sodium chloride forms?

Sodium loses one electron, which chlorine gains, forming $\ce{Na+}$ and $\ce{Cl-}$.

How are electrons transferred when an ionic bond forms?

Electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.

Why does a metal atom become a positive ion when it forms an ionic bond?

It loses one or more outer-shell electrons, leaving it with more protons than electrons.

Why does a non-metal atom become a negative ion when it forms an ionic bond?

It gains electrons, leaving it with more electrons than protons.

What is an ionic bond?

The strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Which groups of metals and non-metals commonly form ions by electron transfer?

Metals in Groups 1 and 2 and non-metals in Groups 6 and 7.

What electronic structure do ions commonly achieve when metals in Groups 1 and 2 bond ionically with non-metals in Groups 6 and 7?

The electronic structure of a noble gas.

What does the group number indicate about atoms in Groups 1, 2, 6 and 7?

The number of outer-shell electrons.

How do Group 1 metal atoms form ions, and what charge do the ions have?

They lose one electron, forming ions with a $+1$ charge.

How do Group 2 metal atoms form ions, and what charge do the ions have?

They lose two electrons, forming ions with a $+2$ charge.

How do Group 6 non-metal atoms form ions, and what charge do the ions have?

They gain two electrons, forming ions with a $-2$ charge.

How do Group 7 non-metal atoms form ions, and what charge do the ions have?

They gain one electron, forming ions with a $-1$ charge.

What electronic structure do the ions formed by Group 1, 2, 6 and 7 atoms have?

The electronic structure of a noble gas.

When metal and non-metal ions form together, what must be true of the total electrons lost and gained?

The total number lost must equal the total number gained.