Relative electrical charges of subatomic particles Flashcards – AQA GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) — Chemistry — Higher

In the nuclear model, where are the three subatomic particles located?

Protons and neutrons are in the tiny central nucleus; electrons are outside the nucleus.

What are the relative electrical charges of the three subatomic particles?

• Proton: $+1$
• Neutron: $0$
• Electron: $-1$

Why does an atom have no overall electrical charge?

It has equal numbers of protons and electrons, so their positive and negative charges cancel.

What are nucleons?

The protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus.

What are the relative charges of a proton, a neutron and an electron?

Proton: $+1$; neutron: $0$; electron: $-1$.

Where are electrons located relative to the atomic nucleus?

Outside the nucleus.

What is the proton number, or atomic number, $Z$?

The number of protons in the nucleus.

What does the proton number identify?

The element.

What is the nucleon number, or mass number, $A$?

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

How is the number of neutrons calculated from the nucleon number $A$ and proton number $Z$?

$A-Z$

In nuclide notation ${}^{A}_{Z}\mathrm{X}$, what do $A$, $Z$ and $\mathrm{X}$ represent?

$A$: nucleon number; $Z$: proton number; $\mathrm{X}$: element symbol.