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Notes/GCSE/Chemistry (Combined Science)/Edexcel/Foundation

Syllabus

Edexcel GCSE Combined Science (1SC0) — Chemistry — Foundation

- •Particle model of states of matter2.1
  •Changes of state2.2
  •Particle changes during state changes2.3
  •Predicting physical state from data2.4
- •Pure substances and mixtures2.5
  •Melting points of pure substances and mixtures2.6
  •Separation techniques for mixtures2.7
  •Selecting separation techniques2.8
  •Paper chromatography2.9
  •Interpreting chromatograms and Rf values2.10
  •Ink composition practical2.11
  •Making water potable and pure for analysis2.12
- •Acids and alkalis as ion sources3.1
  •pH scale and neutral solutions3.2
  •Acid–alkali indicators3.3
  •Calcium oxide/hydroxide and hydrochloric acid practical3.6
  •Bases and salt formation3.9
  •Alkalis as soluble bases3.10
  •General reactions of acids3.11
  •Tests for hydrogen and carbon dioxide3.12
  •Neutralisation reactions3.13
  •Ionic equation for acid–alkali neutralisation3.14
  •Making soluble salts from insoluble bases3.15
  •Making soluble salts by titration3.16
  •Preparation of hydrated copper sulfate crystals3.17
  •Acid–alkali titration method3.18
  •Solubility rules for common salts3.19
  •Predicting precipitate formation3.20
  •Preparing insoluble salts3.21
- •Electrolytes3.22
  •Electrolysis process3.23
  •Ion movement during electrolysis3.24
  •Products of electrolysis with inert electrodes3.25
  •Products of electrolysis of molten ionic compounds3.26
  •Electrolysis of copper sulfate with copper electrodes3.30
  •Copper sulfate electrolysis practical3.31
- •Metal reactivity from reactions4.1
  •Reactivity series and metal cations4.3
  •Metal ores and uncombined metals4.4
  •Oxidation and reduction with oxygen4.5
  •Metal extraction as reduction of ores4.6
  •Extraction methods and reactivity series4.7
  •Oxidation resistance and reactivity series4.9
  •Advantages of recycling metals4.10
  •Life-cycle assessment of products4.11
  •Evaluating life-cycle assessment data4.12
- •Reversible reactions and equilibrium symbol4.13
  •Dynamic equilibrium4.14
  •Ammonia formation and equilibrium4.15
  •Conditions for the Haber process4.16
- •Rates of reaction practicals: gas production and colour change7.1
  •Practical methods for measuring rate of reaction7.2
  •Collision theory and rate of reaction7.3
  •Factors affecting rate of reaction7.4
  •Interpreting rate of reaction graphs7.5
  •Definition of a catalyst7.6
  •Catalysts and activation energy7.7
  •Enzymes as biological catalysts7.8
- •Temperature changes in solution reactions7.9
  •Exothermic reactions7.10
  •Endothermic reactions7.11
  •Bond breaking and making and energy changes7.12
  •Overall energy change in reactions7.13
  •Activation energy7.15
  •Reaction profiles for endothermic and exothermic reactions7.16
- •Hydrocarbons8.1
  •Crude oil and its importance8.2
  •Fractional distillation of crude oil8.3
  •Fractions of crude oil and their uses8.4
  •Differences between crude oil fractions8.5
  •Homologous series8.6
  •Complete combustion of hydrocarbons8.7
  •Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons8.8
  •Toxicity of carbon monoxide8.9
  •Problems from incomplete combustion8.10
  •Sulfur dioxide from fuel impurities8.11
  •Acid rain and its effects8.12
  •Formation of oxides of nitrogen in engines8.13
  •Hydrogen versus petrol as car fuels8.14
  •Fossil fuels as non-renewable resources8.15
  •Cracking of hydrocarbons8.16
  •Need for cracking8.17
- •Volcanic origins of the early atmosphere8.18
  •Composition of the Earth’s early atmosphere8.19
  •Formation of oceans by condensation8.20
  •Decrease of atmospheric CO₂ in early oceans8.21
  •Photosynthesis and rise of atmospheric oxygen8.22
  •Chemical test for oxygen8.23
  •Greenhouse effect and atmospheric gases8.24
  •Evidence and uncertainties for human-caused climate change8.25
  •Today’s atmosphere and effects of increased greenhouse gases8.26

Syllabus

Edexcel GCSE Combined Science (1SC0) — Chemistry — Foundation

- •Particle model of states of matter2.1
  •Changes of state2.2
  •Particle changes during state changes2.3
  •Predicting physical state from data2.4
- •Pure substances and mixtures2.5
  •Melting points of pure substances and mixtures2.6
  •Separation techniques for mixtures2.7
  •Selecting separation techniques2.8
  •Paper chromatography2.9
  •Interpreting chromatograms and Rf values2.10
  •Ink composition practical2.11
  •Making water potable and pure for analysis2.12
- •Acids and alkalis as ion sources3.1
  •pH scale and neutral solutions3.2
  •Acid–alkali indicators3.3
  •Calcium oxide/hydroxide and hydrochloric acid practical3.6
  •Bases and salt formation3.9
  •Alkalis as soluble bases3.10
  •General reactions of acids3.11
  •Tests for hydrogen and carbon dioxide3.12
  •Neutralisation reactions3.13
  •Ionic equation for acid–alkali neutralisation3.14
  •Making soluble salts from insoluble bases3.15
  •Making soluble salts by titration3.16
  •Preparation of hydrated copper sulfate crystals3.17
  •Acid–alkali titration method3.18
  •Solubility rules for common salts3.19
  •Predicting precipitate formation3.20
  •Preparing insoluble salts3.21
- •Electrolytes3.22
  •Electrolysis process3.23
  •Ion movement during electrolysis3.24
  •Products of electrolysis with inert electrodes3.25
  •Products of electrolysis of molten ionic compounds3.26
  •Electrolysis of copper sulfate with copper electrodes3.30
  •Copper sulfate electrolysis practical3.31
- •Metal reactivity from reactions4.1
  •Reactivity series and metal cations4.3
  •Metal ores and uncombined metals4.4
  •Oxidation and reduction with oxygen4.5
  •Metal extraction as reduction of ores4.6
  •Extraction methods and reactivity series4.7
  •Oxidation resistance and reactivity series4.9
  •Advantages of recycling metals4.10
  •Life-cycle assessment of products4.11
  •Evaluating life-cycle assessment data4.12
- •Reversible reactions and equilibrium symbol4.13
  •Dynamic equilibrium4.14
  •Ammonia formation and equilibrium4.15
  •Conditions for the Haber process4.16
- •Rates of reaction practicals: gas production and colour change7.1
  •Practical methods for measuring rate of reaction7.2
  •Collision theory and rate of reaction7.3
  •Factors affecting rate of reaction7.4
  •Interpreting rate of reaction graphs7.5
  •Definition of a catalyst7.6
  •Catalysts and activation energy7.7
  •Enzymes as biological catalysts7.8
- •Temperature changes in solution reactions7.9
  •Exothermic reactions7.10
  •Endothermic reactions7.11
  •Bond breaking and making and energy changes7.12
  •Overall energy change in reactions7.13
  •Activation energy7.15
  •Reaction profiles for endothermic and exothermic reactions7.16
- •Hydrocarbons8.1
  •Crude oil and its importance8.2
  •Fractional distillation of crude oil8.3
  •Fractions of crude oil and their uses8.4
  •Differences between crude oil fractions8.5
  •Homologous series8.6
  •Complete combustion of hydrocarbons8.7
  •Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons8.8
  •Toxicity of carbon monoxide8.9
  •Problems from incomplete combustion8.10
  •Sulfur dioxide from fuel impurities8.11
  •Acid rain and its effects8.12
  •Formation of oxides of nitrogen in engines8.13
  •Hydrogen versus petrol as car fuels8.14
  •Fossil fuels as non-renewable resources8.15
  •Cracking of hydrocarbons8.16
  •Need for cracking8.17
- •Volcanic origins of the early atmosphere8.18
  •Composition of the Earth’s early atmosphere8.19
  •Formation of oceans by condensation8.20
  •Decrease of atmospheric CO₂ in early oceans8.21
  •Photosynthesis and rise of atmospheric oxygen8.22
  •Chemical test for oxygen8.23
  •Greenhouse effect and atmospheric gases8.24
  •Evidence and uncertainties for human-caused climate change8.25
  •Today’s atmosphere and effects of increased greenhouse gases8.26

Formation of ionic bonds

Edexcel·Chemistry (Combined Science)·1.21·Foundation

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